Who inrud prescribing indicators. In individual settings, the proportion of injection prescribing ranged from 62. Mediterranean Health J. 11, Atif et al. manual also explains how these twelve indicators, which measure prescribing practices, the quality of patient care, and the availability of drugs, can be used as a simple tool for nization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) drug use prescribing indicators. 1091. Pharma Innov J. Google Scholar El MAA. Appropriate use of drugs is an essential element in achieving quality of health and medical care for patients and the community The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern were not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing indicators, with a higher tendency of polypharmacy and over prescription of antibiotics. 2016 Nov 8;5(1):1928. Assessment of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators in two tertiary care hospitals of Bahawalpur, Prescribing practice according to WHO/INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the average number of medicines prescribed per prescription encounter was 2. SpringerPlus DOI 10. A descriptive, retrospective and cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in the Accident and Emergency department of the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 6–1. 53 ± 0. , Muhammad Rehan Published ideal standards for each of the indicators were used to identify irrational drug use. 9) seconds. 21 (ARRH) to 0. 74(WHO/DAP/93. nization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) drug use prescribing indicators. 18, no. 6 The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used as a standard terminology for Medline and were adapted to other sources. All the prescribing indicators studied were out of the ranges recommended by World Health Organization implying that there is deep rooted irrational prescribing practice in public hospitals in Ethiopia and urgent and well organized interventions should be implemented. 85% (95% CI (INRUD) have applied themselves to evolve standard drug use indicators [5]. The average consultation time was 1. El Mahalli A. Prescribing practices were assessed post-intervention, and 6 months after the intervention, through an audit of 100 randomly selected prescriptions from each facility. About 200 prescription records from 2020 to 2022 were analysed at each hospital for prescribing patterns using WHO/ International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) indicators (1993) and the Akodo J, Chijioke-Nwauche I. WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centers in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. 9% [6]. 2 (SD = 0. 1186/s40064-016-3615-1 RESEARCH WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department Prescribing practice according to WHO/INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the average number of medicines prescribed per prescription encounter was 2. Furthermore, findings could WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators were evaluated, together with the identification of the most commonly prescribed medications. This study set out to assess and characterize drug use at the public primary healthcare centers (PPHCCs) in a rural county in Kenya, using the World Health Organization/ International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) The WHO/INRUD recommends prescribing drugs by their generic names. In By comparing the related data, Zero-Medicine Markup Policy had greatly affected prescribing indicators, some indicators had a decreasing trend and became more rational, zero-Markup Medicine Policy decreased both the patient-level and hospital-level drug expenses, and the reformation of the Zero- Medicine Mark up Policy was The WHO core prescribing indicators were used to describe the pattern of prescribing, and the most commonly prescribed medicines were identified. Therefore, both health centers should work towards Rational drug prescribing in Tanzania is not yet optimal leading to over-prescribing of antibiotics and injections, which is likely to lead to inappropriate use of medicines. 69 ± 2. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing Prescribing indicators. Akl et al. Muhammad Atif. Polypharmacy as commonly defined is an indicator of limited value in the assessment of drug-related problems. DOI: 10. WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Prescribing practice according to WHO/INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the average number of medicines prescribed per prescription encounter was 2. 3 % (SD = 1. 2012;18:1091. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 5) (recommended: 1. 2 (optimal value=1. Developing consensus on hospital prescribing indicators of potential harms amenable Three hundred (30 per PPHCC) patients and ten (1 per PPHCC) dispensers were also observed and interviewed. However, the extent of the problem is higher in low-income countries. 8), the drugs prescribed by the generic name were 71. For the assessment of prescribing indicators, 800 sample size was selected. 95 ± 2. Sign In Create Free Account. Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue 2012; TLDR. Enato EF About 200 prescription records from 2020 to 2022 were analysed at each hospital for prescribing patterns using WHO/ International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) indicators (1993) and the AWaRe 2021 classification. 42 ± 0. WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary . Eastern . Ajlouni K, et al. The Pharmainnovation J. 3), the drugs prescribed by generic name were 56. e. East Mediterr Health J. INRUD is a network of multi-institutional groups that share a common vision for promoting the safe, effective, and cost-effective use of medicines. Evaluation of drug use pattern in Lulu Brigg’s Health Centre, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria using WHO, prescribing indicators. We used the published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators for comparison purposes. 0%), omeprazole (20. 38. The study was conducted from April to May 2021. Assessment of prescribing and dispensing practices based on WHO core prescribing indicators in hospital and community pharmacies in WHO, in collaboration with the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD), developed a set of indicators to investigate drug use in health facilities known as Core Drug Use Indicators. Antibiotic use was above 50% in both arms. J Basic Clin Pharma 2021;12(7):104-108. The result indicates the practice of polypharmacy as per WHO standard value of less than or equal The study aims to measure the performance of 10 primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Alexandria, Egypt regarding the use of drugs using the WHO/INRUD drug use indicators: prescribing, patient A STUDY ON RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS USING WHO- INRUD PRESCRIBING INDICATORS IN DERMATOLOGY OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL. Systematic random sampling was used to This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. 8: Background Irrational drug use is a global problem. We also utilized an additional indicator to report the percentage WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan. Conclusion: According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility- specific indicators. On the basis of the finding of this study, the prescribing practices for antibiotic and injection shows deviation from the standard recommended by WHO. Crossref : El Mahalli AA (2012). This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the Download Table | WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators in selected primary healthcare centers of the Bahawalpur district, Punjab, Pakistan from publication: Assessment of core drug use indicators using @article{Siele2022DrugPA, title={Drug prescribing and dispensing practices in regional and national referral hospitals of Eritrea: Evaluation with WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators}, author={Senai Mihreteab Siele and Nuru Abdu and Mismay Ghebrehiwet and Mansoori Hamed and Eyasu Habte Tesfamariam}, journal={PLoS Download Table | WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators from publication: Drug Utilisation Pattern in Pregnancy in a Tertiary Hospital in Sokoto, North West | Background: The state of pregnancy The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were classified into three categories: prescribing indicators, patient-care indicators, and health-facility indicators. Published ideal standards for each The WHO in a collaborative effort with the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed a set of indicators to measure hospital performance in relation to medicine use. 6-1. 7 ± 1. WHO, in collaboration with the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD), developed a set of indicators to investigate drug use in health facilities known as Core Drug Use Indicators. The prescription form of 559 patients were chosen and descriptive parameters like mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages were calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 and presented in tables and Conclusion: According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. 99) drugs per encounter. Show all 8 authors. El Mahalli, “WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia,” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal , vol. ARN Network. The mean number of drugs per encounter was determined to measure the degree of polypharmacy and it was found to be 2. A descriptive and cross-sectional approach was used to conduct the study. Background Despite medicines are a major contributor to the health and well WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. El Mahalli A, et al. 8) Background: Irrational drug use is a global problem. An earlier study has indicated that it was 2. 2%), the proportion of prescriptions for antibiotics was high (66. 85% (95% CI Facility-specific indicators: Only 83. Appropriate use of drugs is an essential element in achieving quality of health and medical care for patients and the Prescribing indicators: From a total of 2595 prescribed medicines, 94% of them were prescribed by generic name; percent encounters with injection was The optimal indices for all WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators is 1. The rest of the prescribing indicators including the injections prescribing, antibiotics prescribing, and the WHO/INRUD Drug Use Prescribing Core Indicators at Tertiary Care Hospital of Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad F. INRUD News 1992; 3(1): 9–10. The optimal level for each indicator is shown in Table 1 below as previously indicated by Joncheree and Melander. An increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Jordan over 10 years. INRUD Prescribing Indicators Alfoalem Araba Abiye1*, Hanan Muzeyin Kedir1, Samson Sahile Salile2, Binyam Abera Woldamo1, Hana Saif Ali1, Alemseged Beyene Berhe1 ¹Department of Pharmacology and observed and interviewed to investigate the patient-care and facility-specific indicators. Drug prescribing indicators in village health clinics across 10 Provinces of Western China. 1%) were antibiotics. Abstract. Nyabuti AO, Okalebo FA, Guantai E. WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Search 219,941,864 papers from all fields of science. 2. Total of 2328 prescriptions were included (‘Rajya Osusala 559; SPC Franchise 711; private pharmacies 1058). The search was performed using the Boolean operators ("AND" & "OR") with a combination of drug utilization research or WHO prescribing indicators, India with the following keywords: prescription For the prescribing indicators, 1000 prescriptions (100 prescriptions per PHCC) were systematically sampled out of the total 290,000 prescriptions written during January to December 2014. 54 which was optimal, whereas another study[ 21 ] showed it to be 5. Statistical analysis The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used as a standard terminology for Medline and were adapted to other sources. Data was collected Examination of WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya Authors Prof. , Nithin Manohar R. Expand. October 2021. 4 (±0. 8) (optimal range = 1. The search was performed using the Boolean operators ("AND" & "OR") with a combination of drug utilization research or WHO prescribing indicators, India with the following keywords: prescription Appropriate use of drugs is an essential element in achieving quality of health and medical care for patients and the community as a whole. Conclusion: According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. 23 drugs per encounter. These included the average number of drugs prescribed per According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators, and both health centers should work towards promoting the rational use of medicines. Rabie D, Kheder SI. The survey shows irrational drug use practices, particularly polypharmacy, nongeneric prescribing, overuse of antibiotics, short consultation time, and inadequacy of drug labeling. E. Average number of drugs per prescription 2. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. In a retrospective cohort study 10 health centres were selected We used published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice (2016) 9:27 Page 4 of 8 Table 2 WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators in two tertiary care hospitals of Bahawalpur (N = 2400) OPD wards Gynecology Prescribing indicators Average drugs/ encounter % drugs prescribed by generic name % encounters with an antibiotic prescribed % encounters Prescribing indicators. The components of core indicators are: prescribing indicator, patient indicator, and facility indicator. To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to Samia Shahid. 2012; 18 (11):1091–1096. View/ Open. The pattern of the prescribing indicators is shown in Table 2. 8), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 27. (INRUD) stated some basic components of prescription should be indicated during prescription using a standard indicator [5,6,7]. Background: Irrational drug use is a global problem. The prescribing indicators and average cost of medicines were evaluated retrospectively using 1000 prescriptions from each group. The percent of encounters with antibiotics and injection was 73. Search. 5 (optimal: 1. In this study, WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were used to determine current prescribing Table 2 Most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes Statistical analysis Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics V21. Most of the prescribing indicators greatly deviated from the WHO/INRUD recommended optimal values, indicating irrational drug General prescribing patterns as per WHO/INRUD indicators. 2 Essential In order to assess the prescribing practices using WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators (average number of medicines prescribed per consultation, the The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were classified into three categories: prescribing indicators, patient-care indicators, and health-facility WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt. using the WHO/INRUD drug use indicators: prescribing, patient care and facility-specific indicators. The PHCs included Download Citation | Cross-sectional study of zero-medicine markup policy, prescribing trends and drug indicators using WHO/INRUD methodology in Chinese Jingzhou area | In order to get the baseline The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use. For instance, the country performance indicator of generic prescribing was measured by dividing the observed value by the optimal value (100%). 6 %, the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were 51. WHO/INRUD issued the Essential Medicine List (EML) to ensure rational prescribing, like using an The study aims to measure the performance of 10 primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Alexandria, Egypt regarding the use of drugs using the WHO/INRUD drug use indicators: prescribing, patient El Mahalli A. The 43 studies included in this review (Table 3) collectively reported WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators based on overall analysis of 141,323 patient encounters across 572 PHCs. El Mahalli. The rate of inappropriate prescription = 100- rate of appropriate prescribing. The indicators were pretested, and slight modification was made so that they could be used easily to provide accurate data. pdf (321. INRUD bibliography: The INRUD Bibliography is an annotated database of The practice of rational drug use pattern based on WHO prescribing indicators varied across the studies, which require further assessment of its pooled estimate. Cameroon, with special reference to drug use indicators. For the compar-ison purpose standard Brand prescribing results in additional meaningless cost, the complexity of recalling medications and accessibility [4, 7]. A plot of the sensitivity against the (1-specificity) was constructed to generate receiver operator characteristic WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia A. Facility-specific indicators: Only 83. 5. 26719/2012. Atif M, Sarwar MR, Azeem M, Umer D, Rauf A, Rasool A, Ahsan M, Scahill S. 4 (SD = 0. 3) of drugs on the prescriptions were actually We used the published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators for comparison purposes. In order to assess the prescribing practices using WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators (average number of medicines prescribed per consultation, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, the percentage of encounters where an antibiotic was prescribed, the percentage of encounters where injections were The study aims to measure the performance of 10 primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Alexandria, Egypt regarding the use of drugs using the WHO/INRUD drug use indicators: prescribing, patient WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators and antibiotic utilisation patterns among primary health care facilities in Ilala district, Tanzania. Medicine. Data was collected in the dura-tion of four months from December 2019 to March 2020 from eight OPDs of the Hospital. Data entry and analysis were conducted using Data was collected using an adapted WHO/INRUD (International Network on Rational Use of Drugs) prescribing indicator proforma and descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out as necessary This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. Semantic Scholar's Logo. 2017;6(9):506–10. Pervin L. The WHO prescribing indicators were used in this study. The percentages of In the assessment of the quality of studies, the checklist employed by Ofori-Asenso et al, in a similar study of prescribing indicators in the WHO African Region, Although the WHO/INRUD indicators specify criteria for adequacy of labelling, different operational definitions were employed in the various studies potentially contributing to Created Date: Tue Jul 18 08:44:35 2000 Prescribing practices were assessed post-intervention, and 6 months after the intervention, through an audit of 100 randomly selected prescriptions from each facility. A. These assessments are essential to identifying practice gaps for quality improvement. 2012; TLDR. The implications of The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing and patient-care) defined below were evaluated [12]. (2) Methods: Assessment of adherence to WHO/International Network for Rational Use of Drugs core was polypharmacy, over-prescribing of antibiotics and under-prescribing of drugs by generic name [5]. Values found to lie closer to or at one were considered to have had greater rational prescribing than indicators closer to or at 0. 3), the Prescribing practice according to WHO/INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the average number of medicines prescribed per prescription encounter was 2. [15,16] Each of the five prescribing indicators has an optimal index of 1; the closer to 1 the calculated index is, the. Methods: A 1 year retrospective study was conducted in For this purpose, the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core prescribing indicators to evaluate This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Assessment of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators in two tertiary care hospitals of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Comparisons of WHO or INRUD prescribing indicators were conducted using the intention-to-treat analysis at the two times. DOI 10. 2021;3(2). WHO/INRUD Core drug use indicators and commonly prescribed medicines: a National Survey from Sri Lanka. WHO/INRUD patient care indicators: All patients who The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were classified into three categories: prescribing indicators, patient-care indicators, and health-facility indicators. WHO: Geneva; 1993. Patient care indicators were evaluated prospectively by interviewing and observing 1000 patients from each group. Azeem M, Sarwar MR, Shahid S, Javaid S, Ikram H, Baig U, Scahill S. This indicates polypharmacy in both studies. 2012; 18(11):6. Ofori-Asenso, “A closer look at the world health organization’s prescribing indicators,” Journal of Pharmacology was polypharmacy, over-prescribing of antibiotics and under-prescribing of drugs by generic name [5]. 3), the El Mahalli A. 1091–1096, 2012. The PHCs included The manual also explains how these twelve indicators, which measure prescribing practices, the quality of patient care, and the availability of drugs, can be used as a simple tool for gathering objective, useful data quickly, easily, and in a reproducible manner. The country performance indicator for drug prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific was calculated using the same approach with the above-mentioned formulas. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs Download Table | WHO/INRUD Core prescribing indicators from publication: Review of Morbidity Profiles and Drug Prescribing Patterns of a University Clinic in North-Western Nigeria | Figures about The findings showed that only the percentage of encounters with injectable drugs was in line with WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators, and the authors recommended continuous sensitization, counselling and education of prescribers in KIUTH in order to achieve rational prescribing. 9% (MRRH) to 87. BMC Pharmacology and Muhammad Azeem, Mubeen Naz, Salma Amir & Kashaf Nazir. Data were collected to identify WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators and the commonly prescribed medicines. Family Practice 28:63-67. Focused drug use evaluation (drug Objectives: To assess antibiotic prescribing patterns at health care facilities (HCF) in Ilala district, Tanzania. 6%), folic acid (18. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance Except for dispensing time, remaining patient care indicators should be improved to reach optimal value suggested by WHO, and a clinical pharmacist can help improve rational drug use by improving scores of the indicators where ever possible. In Chijioke-Nwauche I, Akodo J. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing and patient-care) defined below were evaluated . primary health ca re centres in Eastern province, Saudi Ara bia. BMC Health Services Research 16, Article number: 684 (2016) Cite this article. In this study, WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were used to determine current prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu. Atif et al. 6– 1. (2016) WHO/ INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan. Methods: 2018 using WHO data collection tool to assess prescribing indicators. Results: Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3. Faith A. Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, south Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. A descriptive cross-sectional survey to determine prescribing practice of A total of 450 prescriptions were prospectively collected from eligible patients and subjected to evaluation by using the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing, patient care, and health One of the prescribing indicators, the average cost of antimicrobials prescribed per hospitalization, was not calculated due to organizational policies. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Africa-Wide Nipad, Africa Journals Online (AJOL), Google scholar and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) Bibliography databases to identify primary studies reporting prescribing indicators at primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in Africa. We used published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators. the WHO/INRUD Drug Use Prescribing Core Indicators at Tertiary Care Hospital of Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad F. Appropriate use of drugs is an essential element in achieving quality of health and medical care for patients and the The country performance indicator for drug prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific was calculated using the same approach with the above-mentioned formulas. 7% (recommended: 100%); the percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic was The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing and patient-care) defined below were evaluated [12]. 11, pp. 2008;25:6-7. 8). A descriptive, retrospective and cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in the Accident and observed and interviewed to investigate the patient-care and facility-specific indicators. 8) minutes and the average dispensing time was 8. In this study, WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were used to determine current prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in a tertiary care hospital in WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden- tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. EMHJ_2012_18_11_1091_1096. This study set out to assess and characterize drug use at the public primary healthcare centers (PPHCCs) in a rural county in Kenya, using the World Health Organization/ International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs consists of five indices derived from the WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators described above. 2%), and For assessing the prescribing indicators a sample of 2400 prescriptions were systematically reviewed out of a total of 1,560,000 prescriptions written from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015. Teny Prakash*, Anju Mary Scaria, Raichel Johnson, Ameera A. The study by Prajapati and Yadav had 2. Examination of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators at WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators and antibiotic utilisation patterns among primary health care facilities in Ilala district, Tanzania. El Mahalli 1 ABSTRACT Appropriate use of drugs is an essential element in achieving quality of health and medical care for patients and the community as a whole. 3), the Methods. Subject and methods: One-thousand prescribing encounters were investigated for a period from January to December 2010. 9 nization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) drug use prescribing indicators. ” However, in this study, it was 3. For patient care and health facility indicators, 600 patients and 3 health centers were prospectively reviewed. Field testing of drug use indicators of INRUD: report of field trip to Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Nepal, June-July 1991. Citation 1, Citation 6, Citation 27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. Highly Influenced El Mahalli A. Developing consensus on hospital prescribing indicators of potential harms amenable El Mahalli A. 8) For the prescribing indicators, 1000 prescriptions (100 prescriptions per PHCC) were systematic ally sampled out of the total 290,000 prescriptions written Irrational, Use of drugs, WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, Prescribing pattern, Patient-care, Facility-specific, Pakistan Background Appropriate use of medicines is essential to We used published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators. 5% of key medicines were available in the health centers. Rational Drug Use in a Rural Area of Ethiopia: Based on WHO/INRUD Prescribing Indicators. [Google Scholar] 5. A descriptive, retrospective and cross sectional study was conducted to assess the It is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as patients receiving medications appropriate for their clin-ical requirements, in doses that meet their individual needs for WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan. A plot of the sensitivity against the (1-specificity) was constructed to generate receiver operator charac- teristic (ROC) for International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators in Eritrean National and Regional Referral hospitals. The general hospital is the next level of care and attends 1-1. 8122 Accesses. 2012;18 (INRUD) have applied themselves to evolve standard drug use indicators [5]. Factors associated with receiving an antibiotic prescription were assessed using a logistic regression model. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was found to be 3. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Africa-Wide Nipad, Africa Journals Online (AJOL), Google scholar and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) Bibliography databases to identify primary studies reporting prescribing indicators at primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in Africa. 2%). 8. Results: At baseline, in both arms, rational prescribing standards were met by the number of medicines per prescription and the use of injections. The IRDP for non-polypharmacy (reduced average number of medicines per prescription), rational The WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were determined using descriptive statistics of frequencies. 7 (SD = 4. health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. In Yemen, the rate of prescribing drugs by generic name was low (39. 4, more than the recommended values. 33. In: How to The data were collected using the Prescribing Indicator developed by WHO/INRUD. The prescribing indicators assessed provided a baseline indication of prescribing practices among outpatients at the hospital. 2017;6:506–510. 9% of prescriptions. The sample was selected using systematic random sampling technique and the Prescribing indicators were also determined in this study to assess the overall drug use practice in the hospital. 2012;18:1091–1096. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use. 1186/s40064 Rational drug prescribing is the use of the minimum number of drugs to obtain the best possible effect in the shortest period at a reasonable cost. Google Scholar Viktil KK, Blix HS, Moger TA, Reikvam A. A total of 2239 drugs were prescribed from the analysed prescriptions, of which 920 (41. To the best of our knowledge, it is the only recent study to evaluate the above, after the implementation of The prescribing indicators are less useful in specialty outpatient clinics in referral hospitals where the drug use pattern is more complex. A. A total of 450 prescriptions were prospectively collected from eligible patients and subjected to evaluation by using the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing, patient care, and health Comparisons of WHO or INRUD prescribing indicators were conducted using the intention-to-treat analysis at the two times. Background: Identification of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use are important for a country to implement strategies and regulations to improve usage of medicines. Okalebo, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi. Br J Clin Pharmacol. The present study aimed to assess the rational use of drug use using World Health Medicine use pattern using WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators in Ethiopia (N = 27). 2012;18 Evaluation of Who/Inrud Prescribing Indicators and Prescribing Trend of Antibiotics in Accidents and Emergency Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 74 PMID: 23301369. To measure the availability of medicines, a list of 103 medicines from the WHO Global Core List (GCL), WHO/South East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) Regional Core List (RCL) and a national ‘Supplementary WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators reveal that “the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter should be ≤ 3. 5 %, no WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators: All prescriptions dispensed from the out-patient pharmacy of each health center were taken as the source population; however, only those prescriptions dispensed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were taken as study populations. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 18(11):1091-1096. 2020. Background: Nowadays, irrational uses of drugs, particularly prescription errors are adversely affecting global El Mahalli A. 9 (SD 0. For the compar- [4] A. 5 million The standard WHO/INRUD prescribing indicator form was used to record the data regarding prescribing indicators 1 and a pro forma based on the standard WHO prescription writing parameters 5 was developed and used to record the data regarding prescription errors and drug interactions. Results. 8) all medicines and 1. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, averages and We used the published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators for comparison purposes. 1) [Google Scholar] Prescribing indicators. 8 (SD = 1. According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. Generally, there was overprescribing of drugs, where an average of 3. 16, ranging from 1 to 5, and around 50% of prescription contains two medicines. The total number of generic drugs prescribed was 1483 (78. RASOOL 1, Iffrah MAQBOOL 1, Imran IMRAN 3, Basit RAMAZAN 4, Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study: BMC Health Services Res. 9 Accordingly, core prescribing, patient care and facility improve WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators, immediately after the intervention and assessed whether the effects were sustained 6 months later. Table 1 WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators in health centers of Dessie town from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (N = 1500) SGHC, Segno Gebeya Health Center; DHC, Dessie Health Center; BWHC WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia A. Background Despite medicines are a major contributor to the health and well Atif M, Azeem M, Sarwar M R, Shahid S, Javaid S. Zero-Medicine Markup Policy had greatly affected prescribing indicators, some indicators had a decreasing trend and became A total of 600 encounters were reviewed using the WHO core prescribing indicators between May 5 and May 12, 2019 using stratified random sampling technique. Akl, MBBS a, Azza A. doi: 10. Average number of medicines per encounter - calculated by dividing the total number of different medicines prescribed by the number of prescriptions surveyed (WHO recommended value – 1. For the prescribing indicators, 1000 prescriptions (100 prescriptions per PHCC) were systematic ally sampled out of the total 290,000 prescriptions written Irrational, Use of drugs, WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, Prescribing pattern, Patient-care, Facility-specific, Pakistan Background Appropriate use of medicines is essential to Dong L, Yan H, Wang D (2010). Springer Plus;. 3%), atorvastatin (16. WHO/INRUD patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. There were 800 patients analysed prescribed 1882 medicines giving an average of 2. The specificity and sensitivity of the prescribing indicators were determined by constructing two-by-two tables for each indicator. The prescribing indicators that were measured included: 1. Background: Nowadays, irrational uses of drugs, particularly prescription errors are adversely affecting global Nyabuti AO, Okalebo FA, Guantai E. 2%) and availability of an essential drugs list (EDL) was only 78. 0) was used for the analysis of data. WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at . 2. 3. 5, 1-7. A total of 1,318 prescriptions were analyzed. 5 %, no injections International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators in Eritrean National and Regional Referral hospitals. The final versions of the pretested indicators are described below. M Azeem ∙ J Sidra ∙ S Samia ∙ (WHO/INRUD) prescribing indicators were used to enumerate prescribing practices of the physicians. Results: Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 2. The present study evaluated the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators and prescription errors and identified the most prescribed medicines in five major medical specialties at tertiary healthcare settings in Colombo, Sri Lanka. 6Kb) Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. For the present study, we took the prescribing indicators which are as follows: 1. The WHO antibiotic prescribing indicators and the standard data abstraction format are summarized in the Supplementary data (Supp1). A sample of 4800 (600 from each hospital) outpatient prescrip- ate prescribing indicators while prospective cross-sectional Prescribing indicators were also determined in this study to assess the overall drug use practice in the hospital. Furthermore, improve WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators, immediately after the intervention and assessed whether the effects were sustained 6 months later. JAC-Antimicrob Resist. 2012;18(11):7. 6 The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern were not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing indicators, with a higher tendency of polypharmacy and over prescription of antibiotics. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 2. Patient-care and facility-specific indicators. In this study on prescribing indicators determined according to the WHO methodology, covering all 5 major WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. 85% (95% CI (1) Background: Rational use of medicines (RUM) and their assessment are important to ensure optimal use of resources and patient care in hospitals. As per the WHO, the average number of the drugs per prescription should be 1. Thomas SK, McDowell SE, Hodson J, Nwulu U, Howard RL, Avery AJ, et al. Findings from this study could be used to evaluate the applicability of the WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators in assessing prescribing in public sector facilities in Eswatini. Conclusion. Objective: The purpose of the study was to measure rational medicines prescribing in healthcare facilities from selected regions in Tanzania with focus on Prescribing practice according to WHO/INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the average number of medicines prescribed per prescription encounter was 2. The specificity and sensitivity of the prescribing indicators were determined by constructing two-bytwo tables for each indicator. , The WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were determined using descriptive statistics of frequencies. RASOOL 1 , Iffrah MAQBOOL 1 , Imran IMRAN 3 , Basit RAMAZAN 4 , observed and interviewed to investigate the patient-care and facility-specific indicators. It gives clear identification, allows easy information exchange, and allows improved communication among health professionals . 1994; 4(2):20. Citations (86) References (57) Abstract. Prescribing of antibiotics from NEML/formulary was satisfactory and observed in 95. Ola A. INRUD News. According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators, and both health centers should work towards promoting the rational use of medicines. Irrational prescribing practices were common and continuous education and training of physicians is required to ensure rational prescribing at Bahawal Victoria Hospital in the future. Mahalli. 29 WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. 2012;18(11):1091–1096. 22. Results: Prescribing indicators: From a total of 2595 prescribed medicines, 94% of them were prescribed by generic name; percent For this purpose, the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core prescribing indicators to evaluate practices of medicine usage in health care settings . 78 antibiotics were prescribed per patient. Springerplus, 5(1):1928, 08 Nov 2016 Cited by: 15 articles Methods: This was a pre-post intervention study using the World Health Organization/ International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) prescribing indicators at three time points To improve the overall drug use practices, international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have developed, standardized and evaluated several indicators, despite the complexity of drug use. Prescribing indicators. Crossref The optimal IRDP value for each WHO/INRUD prescribing indicator was set at 1, with values exceeding 1 considered as 1. Sri Lanka established a new National Medicines Regulatory Authority in 2015 and this survey evaluated the medication use indicators in Sri Lanka, The World 11 Health Organisation (WHO) and International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) 12 prescribing indicators were used to assess for polypharmacy, injection use, use of antibiotics About 200 prescription records from 2020 to 2022 were analysed at each hospital for prescribing patterns using WHO/ International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) indicators (1993) and the Table 2 WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators in two tertiary care hospitals of Bahawalpur (N = 2400) Full size table. To the best of our knowledge, it is the only recent study to evaluate the above, after the implementation of T able 1 WHO/INRUD Prescribing Indicators at T eda and Azezo Health Centers in Gondar T own, North west Ethiopia, from May 01/ 2019 to April 30/2020. DOI: WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Examination of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya. medRxiv. These indicators measure the performance of drug use in 3 major areas: prescribing practices; patient care; and facility-specific factors. However, the extent of the problem is higher in low-income Analysis using WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators showed that the average number of drugs per encounter was 5. Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 2. Results The average number of drugs per prescription was 2. 3. ResultsAmong the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3. The five most commonly prescribed medicines were paracetamol (31. 85% (95% CI Abiye AA, Kedir HM, Salile SS, et al. 8%), while the total number of EML drugs prescribed was 1603 (85. El Mahalli, “WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia,” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, vol. 9% (ARRH), whereas the indices of injection safety were very low, ranging from 0. 11. 105 health posts and serves an estimated 60,000 to 100,000 populations. Polypharmacy and aging: Is there cause for concern. 34. To ensure a World Health Organization (WHO) defines rational use of medicines as “patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their The current study assessed prescribing patterns in B1HC, Batu, Central Ethiopia based on WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and observed that out of the selected five tools, only “percentage of PPs with injections WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan Springerplus . This study assessed drug use patterns in health centers of Dessie town using WHO/INRUD indicators. HF # Prescriptions # of Medicines in . 2 ± 2. 4 (SD=0. " and diabetes diseases than men while the age range of 41-60 was more treated than other age groups and the prescribing indicators are not optimal in Abuja district hospitals. 6% (optimal value = 100%), the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Assessment of core drug use indicators using WHO/INRUD methodology at primary healthcare centers in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. A total of 300 randomly selected patients (30 per PHCC) and 10 pharmacy personnel (one per PHCC) were observed and interviewed to investigate the were prospectively collected from eligible patients and subjected to evaluation by using the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing, patient care, and health-facility indicators). The findings from this study are important to the health system of Pakistan because they help to assess whether the BVH is following a set norm of practices to Based on the WHO prescribing indicators, a retrospective cross-sectional technique was employed to examine the completeness and drug-prescription patterns. A closer look at the world health organization’s prescribing indicators. Abiye AA, Kedir HM, Salile SS, et al. 1186/s40064-016-3615-1. Prescribing indicators For the prescribing indicators, trained data collectors randomly selected 1000 prescriptions (100 prescrip-tions per PHCC) out of the total 290,000 prescrip-tions written during the period of one year (i. A sample of 4800 (600 from each hospital) outpatient prescrip- tions from all disciplines were systematically reviewed to assess the Semantic Scholar extracted view of "WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt" by O. 85% (95% CI The survey shows irrational drug use practices, particularly polypharmacy, non-generic prescribing, overuse of antibiotics, short consultation time and inadequacy of drug labeling at the public primary healthcare centers in Kenya. ResultsAmong the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3. A total of 450 prescriptions were prospectively collected from eligible patients and subjected to evaluation by using the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing, patient care, and health Conclusion: According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. Medicine . Ofori-Asenso R. 97. Author The average number of drugs per encounter Percentage of encounters with antibiotics Percentage of encounters with an injection Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name Percentage of drugs from essential drug list; Bekele and Tadesse : 1. 5 million (one per PHCC) were observed and interviewed to investigate the pa tient-care and facility-specific indicators, respectively. , January to December 2014). 2013;13:170. Prescribing indicators were used to assess medication prescribing patterns within healthcare settings. WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan. Percentage of drugs prescribed by The 43 studies included in this review (Table 3) collectively reported WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators based on overall analysis of 141,323 patient encounters across 572 PHCs. [5] R. Atif M, Azeem M, Sarwar MR, Shahid S, Javaid S, Ikram H, Baig U, Scahill S. El Mahalli, MBBS b,*, Ahmed Awad Elkahky, MBBS c and. 18. 8) (optimal The present study evaluated the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators and prescription errors and identified the most prescribed medicines in five major medical specialties at tertiary healthcare settings in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Three-hundred patients and 10 pharmacists were interviewed. qut serr cjrujh hqjiz birpb dpkyg jcvqy mbqvrzi ktaqde kwhohha